My dog is pregnant — pregnancy explained

A normal canine pregnancy lasts about 63 days from ovulation to whelping and is typically divided into three 21-day stages.

First trimester

For the first three weeks there are few external signs. Later in this stage, hormonal changes can reduce appetite in some dogs. Offering smaller, more frequent meals can help, and a check-in with your vet is a good idea if anything is unclear.

Second trimester

Between weeks 4 and 6 the abdomen begins to enlarge and mammary glands develop. This is the first stage where pregnancy can be confirmed — by ultrasound, careful palpation by an experienced handler, or a Relaxin blood test that measures a placental hormone.

Third trimester

From week 7 the pregnancy becomes obvious. The dog often slows down and the mammary glands prepare for milk production. An X-ray late in pregnancy (typically days 55–59) can help estimate the number of puppies.

Preparing for whelping

It is advisable to deworm the dog late in pregnancy and keep exercise calm. Body temperature often drops below 37°C in the 24 hours before whelping — some breeders therefore record temperature regularly during the final week.

It is never possible to predict whether assistance or a caesarean section will be needed. Staying in touch with your veterinarian helps everyone be prepared if extra help is required.